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  Aspirin
 
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Aspirin
 
 
Systematic (IUPAC) name
2-acetoxybenzoic acid
Identifiers
CAS number 50-78-2
ATC code A01AD05 B01AC06, N02BA01
PubChem CID 2244
DrugBank DB00945
ChemSpider 2157 YesY
UNII R16CO5Y76E YesY
KEGG D00109
ChEBI CHEBI:116450
ChEMBL CHEMBL25 NoN[ebi]
Chemical data
Formula C9H8O4 
Mol. mass 180.157 g/mol
SMILES eMolecules & PubChem
Synonyms 2-acetyloxybenzoic acid
acetylsalicylate
acetylsalicylic acid
O-acetylsalicylic acid
Physical data
Density 1.40 g/cm³
Melt. point 135 °C (275 °F)
Boiling point 140 °C (284 °F) (decomposes)
Solubility in water 3 mg/mL (20 °C)
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability Rapidly and completely absorbed
Protein binding 99.6%
Metabolism Hepatic
Half-life 300–650 mg dose: 3.1–3.2 h
1 g dose: 5 h
2 g dose: 9 h
Excretion Renal
Therapeutic considerations
Pregnancy cat. C(AU) D(US)
Legal status Unscheduled (AU) GSL (UK) OTC (US)
Routes Most commonly oral, also rectal. Lysine acetylsalicylate may be given IV or IM
 YesY(what is this?)  (verify)
 

Aspirin (USAN), also known as acetylsalicylic acid (pronounced /əˌsɛtəlˌsælɨˈsɪlɨk/ ə-SET-əl-sal-i-SIL-ik, abbreviated ASA), is a salicylate drug, often used as an analgesic to relieve minor aches and pains, as an antipyretic to reduce fever, and as an anti-inflammatory medication.

Aspirin also has an antiplatelet effect by inhibiting the production of thromboxane, which under normal circumstances binds platelet molecules together to create a patch over damage of the walls within blood vessels. Because the platelet patch can become too large and also block blood flow, locally and downstream, aspirin is also used long-term, at low doses, to help prevent heart attacks, strokes, and blood clot formation in people at high risk for developing blood clots.[1] It has also been established that low doses of aspirin may be given immediately after a heart attack to reduce the risk of another heart attack or of the death of cardiac tissue.[2][3]

The main undesirable side effects of aspirin are gastrointestinal ulcers, stomach bleeding, and tinnitus, especially in higher doses. In children and adolescents, aspirin is no longer used to control flu-like symptoms or the symptoms of chickenpox or other viral illnesses, because of the risk of Reye's syndrome.[4]

Aspirin was the first discovered member of the class of drugs known as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), not all of which are salicylates, although they all have similar effects and most have inhibition of the enzyme cyclooxygenase as their mechanism of action. Today, aspirin is one of the most widely used medications in the world, with an estimated 40,000 tonnes of it being consumed each year.[5] In countries where Aspirin is a registered trademark owned by Bayer, the generic term is acetylsalicylic acid (ASA).[6][7]

 
 
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